A-Laser

There are many types of laser sources available. This will focus solely on Infrared fiber laser technology.
What is IR?
Infrared light exists in the electromagnetic spectrum. The visible light region ends at 700 nm IR exists from 700 nm to approximately 1 mm wavelength. As a photon IR light propagates both energy and momentum. For discussions of laser technology, including fiber laser technology, it is useful to be able to discuss both.
A Photon is loosely defined as a particle of light. Light generally behaves as a wave but can also act as a particle. This is known in quantum physics as “wave-particle” duality.
This model was generated from the combined work of Gilbert N. Lewis, Max Planck and Albert Einstein.
Being outside of the visible light range this radiation cannot be “seen” by humans. Even low levels of IR can cause blinding effects.

Wavelength
When we speak of colors of light we are referring to differing bands of wavelength. Yellow light has a smaller wavelength and higher frequency than red light for example. The diagram below is an illustration of how this applies to visible light.

IR radiation is light outside of the visible spectrum that begins immediately after the red range continuing on with longer wavelengths.
UV radiation is the light outside of the visible spectrum that ends immediately before the purple side preceding it with higher frequency and shorter wavelengths.
Laser Light
The term “laser” is an acronym which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. To fully understand this it’s important to understand the relationship between atoms and photons.
The Bohr model of the atom had a central body known as the nucleus which is surrounded by electrons orbiting it. These electrons can only exist at discreet distances from the nucleus. These distances are referred to as “energy levels”. Due to the law of conservation of energy electrons cannot simply “jump” between without releasing or absorbing energy.

The above image shows these energy levels in relation to the Bohr model of the atom.

As an electron moves from a high energy level to a lower energy level it releases a photon.
This release is what conserves the total amount of energy therefore not breaking the aforementioned law. The energy of the photon and wavelength are correlated to the distance between energy levels.
This effect works in the reverse also. An atom with its electron...
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